The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.